Grade 7
  1. Introduction to Chemistry  1.1. What is Chemistry?  1.2. Importance of chemistry in daily life  1.3. Branches of chemistry  1.4. Scientific Method in Chemistry  1.5. Laboratory Safety Rules and Precautions  1.6. Common Laboratory Equipment and Their Uses  1.7. Units of measurement in chemistry
  2. Matter and its properties  2.1. Definition of Matter  2.2. Classification of matter  2.3. Properties of matter  2.3.1. Physical properties  2.3.2. Chemical properties  2.4. States of matter  2.4.1. Solid state  2.4.2. Fluid state  2.4.3. Gaseous state  2.4.4. Plasma and Bose–Einstein condensates  2.5. Changes in the states of matter  2.5.1. Melting and freezing  2.5.2. Evaporation and Condensation  2.5.3. Sublimation and deposition  2.6. Density and its applications  2.7. Diffusion and its importance
  3. Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures  3.1. Definition of the element  3.2. Classification of elements  3.3. Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids  3.4. Noble gases and their properties  3.5. Introduction to the Periodic Table  3.6. Definition of Compound  3.7. Properties of Compounds  3.8. Introduction to Chemical Formulas  3.9. Definition of Mixture  3.10. Types of mixtures  3.10.1. Homogeneous mixture  3.10.2. Heterogeneous mixtures  3.11. Difference Between Compounds and Mixtures  3.12. Solutions, Colloids and Suspensions
  4. Separation of mixtures  4.1. Need for separation of mixtures  4.2. Separation methods  4.2.1. Filtration  4.2.2. Sedimentation and decantation  4.2.3. Evaporation  4.2.4. Crystallization  4.2.5. Distillation  4.2.6. Chromatography  4.2.7. Magnetic Separation  4.2.8. Centrifugation
  5. Atomic Structure  5.1. Introduction to Atoms  5.2. Structure of the atom  5.2.1. Nucleus and electron cloud  5.3. Subatomic particles  5.3.1. Proton  5.3.2. Neutron  5.3.3. Electrons  5.4. Atomic number and mass number  5.5. Isotopes and their uses  5.6. Ions and ion formation
  6. Periodic table  6.1. Introduction to the Periodic Table  6.2. Groups and periods  6.3. Trends in the Periodic Table  6.3.1. Atomic Size  6.3.2. Metallic and non-metallic character  6.3.3. Electronegativity  6.3.4. Reactivity of the elements  6.4. Alkali metals and their properties
  7. Chemical bond  7.1. Why do atoms form bonds?  7.2. Types of chemical bonds  7.2.1. Ionic bond  7.2.2. Covalent bond  7.2.3. Metal Bond  7.3. Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds  7.4. Intermolecular forces
  8. Chemical reactions  8.1. Introduction to Chemical Reactions  8.2. Signs of a chemical reaction  8.3. Types of Chemical Reactions  8.3.1. Combination Reactions  8.3.2. Decomposition reactions  8.3.3. Displacement reactions  8.3.4. Double displacement reactions  8.3.5. Combustion reactions  8.4. Law of conservation of mass  8.5. Balancing simple chemical equations
  9. Acids, Bases and Salts  9.1. Definition of Acid and Base  9.2. Properties of Acids  9.3. Properties of bases  9.4. pH Scale and Indicators  9.5. Neutralization reactions  9.6. Common Acids and Bases in Everyday Life  9.7. Preparation and use of salts  9.8. Strong and weak acids and bases
  10. Solutions and Solubility  10.1. Definition of Solution  10.2. Components of the solution  10.2.1. Solvent  10.2.2. solute  10.3. Factors Affecting Solubility  10.4. Concentration of solutions  10.5. Saturated and unsaturated solutions  10.6. Colloids and suspensions  10.7. Solubility curve and its interpretation
  11. Air and atmosphere  11.1. Composition of air  11.2. Properties of gases in the air  11.3. Importance of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide  11.4. Air pollution and its effects  11.5. Greenhouse effect and global warming  11.6. Ways to reduce air pollution  11.7. Ozone layer and its importance
  12. Water and its importance  12.1. Properties of Water  12.2. Water as the universal solvent  12.3. Importance of water for life  12.4. Water pollution and its effects  12.5. Water Purification  12.5.1. Filtration  12.5.2. boil  12.5.3. Chlorination in water purification  12.5.4. reverse osmosis  12.6. Hard and soft water  12.7. Water cycle and its importance
  13. Fuel and energy  13.1. Types of fuel  13.1.1. Fossil fuels  13.1.2. Renewable energy sources  13.2. Combustion and energy release  13.3. Global warming and its effects  13.4. Alternative sources of energy  13.5. Ways to conserve energy
  14. Metals and Nonmetals  14.1. Physical and chemical properties of metals  14.2. Physical and Chemical Properties of Non-Metals  14.3. Difference Between Metals and Nonmetals  14.4. Uses of metals and nonmetals  14.5. Corrosion of metals and its prevention  14.6. Alloys and their importance
  15. Plastics and polymers  15.1. Natural and synthetic polymers  15.2. Properties of plastics  15.3. Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable Plastics  15.4. Environmental impact of plastic  15.5. Recycling and waste management in plastics and polymers  15.6. Daily Uses of Polymers
  16. Introduction to Organic Chemistry  16.1. Basic definitions of organic chemistry  16.2. Carbon Compounds in Daily Life  16.3. Hydrocarbons  16.4. Simple functional groups (alcohols and carboxylic acids)  16.5. Importance of organic compounds in industry

Grade 7 → Metals and Nonmetals ↓


Uses of metals and nonmetals


Chemistry is an exciting subject that helps us understand the substances that make up everything in the world. These substances can often be divided into two groups: metals and nonmetals. In this article, we will learn about the uses of metals and nonmetals and how they affect our daily lives.

Metals

Metals are elements that are generally hard, lustrous, malleable, ductile and good conductors of electricity and heat. Let us learn about their uses.

1. Use in construction

Metals are used extensively in construction due to their strength and durability.

  • Iron and Steel: Iron, when mixed with carbon, forms steel, which is a stronger material. 
    Fe + C → Steel
    Steel is used in the construction of buildings, bridges and other structures.
  • Aluminium: It is used in roofing and window frames because it is lightweight and corrosion resistant.

2. Use in transportation

Transportation depends mainly on metals.

  • Aluminium: The bodies of airplanes and some cars are made of aluminium because it is lightweight and reduces fuel consumption.
  • Steel: Because of its strength it is used in ships, vehicles and railway tracks.

3. Uses in electronics and electricals

Metals play an important role in the field of electronics.

  • Copper: Known for its excellent conductivity, copper is used in electrical wires and circuits. 
    Conductivity of Copper: 59.6 × 10 6 S/m
  • Gold and Silver: Used in small amounts in electronics and circuits for reliable conductivity and corrosion resistance.

4. Used in the manufacture of alloys

An alloy is a mixture of one or more metals and other elements.

  • Bronze: An alloy of copper and tin, used to make coins, sculptures, and medals. 
    Cu + Sn → Bronze
  • Brass: An alloy of copper and zinc, used in musical instruments and door handles. 
    Cu + Zn → Brass

5. Uses in medicine

Metals are used in medicine both directly and indirectly:

  • Iron: Used in the form of iron tablets to treat anemia.
  • Titanium: It is used in surgical implants because it is biocompatible and strong.

6. Uses in jewellery

Some metals are popular for making jewelry because of their lustre and malleability.

  • Gold: Gold jewellery is in high demand due to its beauty and tarnish resistance.
  • Platinum: Used in high-end jewellery for its beauty and durability.

Visual example of a metal atom

Fe

Non metallic

Nonmetals are elements that are generally brittle, non-ductile, non-ductile and poor conductors of heat and electricity. Let's explore their uses.

1. Use in daily life

Nonmetals are used in many common everyday applications:

  • Oxygen: Necessary for respiration in living beings and used in medical equipment.
  • Carbon: Present in all living organisms and used in fuels such as coal.

2. Uses in agriculture

Agriculture depends heavily on non-metals for fertilizers:

  • Nitrogen: Used in fertilizers to promote plant growth. 
    N → Fertilizers
  • Phosphorus: Also part of fertilizers to enhance root growth.

3. Uses in medicine

Nonmetals are important in health care:

  • Iodine: Used in antiseptics to kill harmful microorganisms.
  • Helium: It is used for respiratory problems because it is lighter than air and non-toxic.

4. Uses in industry

Various industries depend on non-metals:

  • Chlorine: It is used to make PVC (polyvinyl chloride), which is used to make pipes, hoses, etc. 
    Cl
  • Sulfur: It is used in the production of sulfuric acid, which is essential for various industrial processes.

5. Household use

Nonmetals also find a place in our homes:

  • Bromine: It is used in fire retardants that reduce the flammability of objects.
  • Fluorine: Important for making non-stick coatings for cooking utensils.

Visual example of a nonmetal atom

Hey

Difference between metals and nonmetals

To summarize, let's look at some of the major differences between metals and nonmetals:

Property Metals Non metallic
Conductivity Good conductors of heat and electricity Bad conductor
Growability Malleable and ductile Not brittle and ductile
Appearance Shiny and metallic luster Moody
Condition at room temperature Solids (except mercury) Solid, liquid or gas

Conclusion

Metals and nonmetals play important roles in our lives, from the structures we live in to the air we breathe. Knowing their properties and uses helps us appreciate the materials that build our world and sustain life.


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Uses of metals and nonmetals

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