Chemistry For Grade 7

Introduction

Grade 7 chemistry deepens students' understanding of matter and its properties, focusing on elements, compounds, and mixtures. Students explore atomic structure, the periodic table, and chemical bonding, including ionic and covalent bonds. They investigate physical and chemical changes, reactions involving acids and bases, and simple chemical equations. The study of energy in chemical reactions introduces concepts such as exothermic and endothermic processes. Practical experiments and real-world applications enhance problem-solving and critical-thinking skills, preparing students for more advanced chemical study.

All Chapters & Topics

1.  Introduction to Chemistry

• 1.1.  What is Chemistry?
• 1.2.  Importance of chemistry in daily life
• 1.3.  Branches of chemistry
• 1.4.  Scientific Method in Chemistry
• 1.5.  Laboratory Safety Rules and Precautions
• 1.6.  Common Laboratory Equipment and Their Uses
• 1.7.  Units of measurement in chemistry

2.  Matter and its properties

• 2.1.  Definition of Matter
• 2.2.  Classification of matter
• 2.3.  Properties of matter
• 2.3.1.  Physical properties
• 2.3.2.  Chemical properties
• 2.4.  States of matter
• 2.4.1.  Solid state
• 2.4.2.  Fluid state
• 2.4.3.  Gaseous state
• 2.4.4.  Plasma and Bose–Einstein condensates
• 2.5.  Changes in the states of matter
• 2.5.1.  Melting and freezing
• 2.5.2.  Evaporation and Condensation
• 2.5.3.  Sublimation and deposition
• 2.6.  Density and its applications
• 2.7.  Diffusion and its importance

3.  Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

• 3.1.  Definition of the element
• 3.2.  Classification of elements
• 3.3.  Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids
• 3.4.  Noble gases and their properties
• 3.5.  Introduction to the Periodic Table
• 3.6.  Definition of Compound
• 3.7.  Properties of Compounds
• 3.8.  Introduction to Chemical Formulas
• 3.9.  Definition of Mixture
• 3.10.  Types of mixtures
• 3.10.1.  Homogeneous mixture
• 3.10.2.  Heterogeneous mixtures
• 3.11.  Difference Between Compounds and Mixtures
• 3.12.  Solutions, Colloids and Suspensions

4.  Separation of mixtures

• 4.1.  Need for separation of mixtures
• 4.2.  Separation methods
• 4.2.1.  Filtration
• 4.2.2.  Sedimentation and decantation
• 4.2.3.  Evaporation
• 4.2.4.  Crystallization
• 4.2.5.  Distillation
• 4.2.6.  Chromatography
• 4.2.7.  Magnetic Separation
• 4.2.8.  Centrifugation

5.  Atomic Structure

• 5.1.  Introduction to Atoms
• 5.2.  Structure of the atom
• 5.2.1.  Nucleus and electron cloud
• 5.3.  Subatomic particles
• 5.3.1.  Proton
• 5.3.2.  Neutron
• 5.3.3.  Electrons
• 5.4.  Atomic number and mass number
• 5.5.  Isotopes and their uses
• 5.6.  Ions and ion formation

6.  Periodic table

• 6.1.  Introduction to the Periodic Table
• 6.2.  Groups and periods
• 6.3.  Trends in the Periodic Table
• 6.3.1.  Atomic Size
• 6.3.2.  Metallic and non-metallic character
• 6.3.3.  Electronegativity
• 6.3.4.  Reactivity of the elements
• 6.4.  Alkali metals and their properties

7.  Chemical bond

• 7.1.  Why do atoms form bonds?
• 7.2.  Types of chemical bonds
• 7.2.1.  Ionic bond
• 7.2.2.  Covalent bond
• 7.2.3.  Metal Bond
• 7.3.  Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds
• 7.4.  Intermolecular forces

8.  Chemical reactions

• 8.1.  Introduction to Chemical Reactions
• 8.2.  Signs of a chemical reaction
• 8.3.  Types of Chemical Reactions
• 8.3.1.  Combination Reactions
• 8.3.2.  Decomposition reactions
• 8.3.3.  Displacement reactions
• 8.3.4.  Double displacement reactions
• 8.3.5.  Combustion reactions
• 8.4.  Law of conservation of mass
• 8.5.  Balancing simple chemical equations

9.  Acids, Bases and Salts

• 9.1.  Definition of Acid and Base
• 9.2.  Properties of Acids
• 9.3.  Properties of bases
• 9.4.  pH Scale and Indicators
• 9.5.  Neutralization reactions
• 9.6.  Common Acids and Bases in Everyday Life
• 9.7.  Preparation and use of salts
• 9.8.  Strong and weak acids and bases

10.  Solutions and Solubility

• 10.1.  Definition of Solution
• 10.2.  Components of the solution
• 10.2.1.  Solvent
• 10.2.2.  solute
• 10.3.  Factors Affecting Solubility
• 10.4.  Concentration of solutions
• 10.5.  Saturated and unsaturated solutions
• 10.6.  Colloids and suspensions
• 10.7.  Solubility curve and its interpretation

11.  Air and atmosphere

• 11.1.  Composition of air
• 11.2.  Properties of gases in the air
• 11.3.  Importance of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
• 11.4.  Air pollution and its effects
• 11.5.  Greenhouse effect and global warming
• 11.6.  Ways to reduce air pollution
• 11.7.  Ozone layer and its importance

12.  Water and its importance

• 12.1.  Properties of Water
• 12.2.  Water as the universal solvent
• 12.3.  Importance of water for life
• 12.4.  Water pollution and its effects
• 12.5.  Water Purification
• 12.5.1.  Filtration
• 12.5.2.  boil
• 12.5.3.  Chlorination in water purification
• 12.5.4.  reverse osmosis
• 12.6.  Hard and soft water
• 12.7.  Water cycle and its importance

13.  Fuel and energy

• 13.1.  Types of fuel
• 13.1.1.  Fossil fuels
• 13.1.2.  Renewable energy sources
• 13.2.  Combustion and energy release
• 13.3.  Global warming and its effects
• 13.4.  Alternative sources of energy
• 13.5.  Ways to conserve energy

14.  Metals and Nonmetals

• 14.1.  Physical and chemical properties of metals
• 14.2.  Physical and Chemical Properties of Non-Metals
• 14.3.  Difference Between Metals and Nonmetals
• 14.4.  Uses of metals and nonmetals
• 14.5.  Corrosion of metals and its prevention
• 14.6.  Alloys and their importance

15.  Plastics and polymers

• 15.1.  Natural and synthetic polymers
• 15.2.  Properties of plastics
• 15.3.  Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable Plastics
• 15.4.  Environmental impact of plastic
• 15.5.  Recycling and waste management in plastics and polymers
• 15.6.  Daily Uses of Polymers

16.  Introduction to Organic Chemistry

• 16.1.  Basic definitions of organic chemistry
• 16.2.  Carbon Compounds in Daily Life
• 16.3.  Hydrocarbons
• 16.4.  Simple functional groups (alcohols and carboxylic acids)
• 16.5.  Importance of organic compounds in industry