Grade 7
  1. Introduction to Chemistry  1.1. What is Chemistry?  1.2. Importance of chemistry in daily life  1.3. Branches of chemistry  1.4. Scientific Method in Chemistry  1.5. Laboratory Safety Rules and Precautions  1.6. Common Laboratory Equipment and Their Uses  1.7. Units of measurement in chemistry
  2. Matter and its properties  2.1. Definition of Matter  2.2. Classification of matter  2.3. Properties of matter  2.3.1. Physical properties  2.3.2. Chemical properties  2.4. States of matter  2.4.1. Solid state  2.4.2. Fluid state  2.4.3. Gaseous state  2.4.4. Plasma and Bose–Einstein condensates  2.5. Changes in the states of matter  2.5.1. Melting and freezing  2.5.2. Evaporation and Condensation  2.5.3. Sublimation and deposition  2.6. Density and its applications  2.7. Diffusion and its importance
  3. Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures  3.1. Definition of the element  3.2. Classification of elements  3.3. Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids  3.4. Noble gases and their properties  3.5. Introduction to the Periodic Table  3.6. Definition of Compound  3.7. Properties of Compounds  3.8. Introduction to Chemical Formulas  3.9. Definition of Mixture  3.10. Types of mixtures  3.10.1. Homogeneous mixture  3.10.2. Heterogeneous mixtures  3.11. Difference Between Compounds and Mixtures  3.12. Solutions, Colloids and Suspensions
  4. Separation of mixtures  4.1. Need for separation of mixtures  4.2. Separation methods  4.2.1. Filtration  4.2.2. Sedimentation and decantation  4.2.3. Evaporation  4.2.4. Crystallization  4.2.5. Distillation  4.2.6. Chromatography  4.2.7. Magnetic Separation  4.2.8. Centrifugation
  5. Atomic Structure  5.1. Introduction to Atoms  5.2. Structure of the atom  5.2.1. Nucleus and electron cloud  5.3. Subatomic particles  5.3.1. Proton  5.3.2. Neutron  5.3.3. Electrons  5.4. Atomic number and mass number  5.5. Isotopes and their uses  5.6. Ions and ion formation
  6. Periodic table  6.1. Introduction to the Periodic Table  6.2. Groups and periods  6.3. Trends in the Periodic Table  6.3.1. Atomic Size  6.3.2. Metallic and non-metallic character  6.3.3. Electronegativity  6.3.4. Reactivity of the elements  6.4. Alkali metals and their properties
  7. Chemical bond  7.1. Why do atoms form bonds?  7.2. Types of chemical bonds  7.2.1. Ionic bond  7.2.2. Covalent bond  7.2.3. Metal Bond  7.3. Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds  7.4. Intermolecular forces
  8. Chemical reactions  8.1. Introduction to Chemical Reactions  8.2. Signs of a chemical reaction  8.3. Types of Chemical Reactions  8.3.1. Combination Reactions  8.3.2. Decomposition reactions  8.3.3. Displacement reactions  8.3.4. Double displacement reactions  8.3.5. Combustion reactions  8.4. Law of conservation of mass  8.5. Balancing simple chemical equations
  9. Acids, Bases and Salts  9.1. Definition of Acid and Base  9.2. Properties of Acids  9.3. Properties of bases  9.4. pH Scale and Indicators  9.5. Neutralization reactions  9.6. Common Acids and Bases in Everyday Life  9.7. Preparation and use of salts  9.8. Strong and weak acids and bases
  10. Solutions and Solubility  10.1. Definition of Solution  10.2. Components of the solution  10.2.1. Solvent  10.2.2. solute  10.3. Factors Affecting Solubility  10.4. Concentration of solutions  10.5. Saturated and unsaturated solutions  10.6. Colloids and suspensions  10.7. Solubility curve and its interpretation
  11. Air and atmosphere  11.1. Composition of air  11.2. Properties of gases in the air  11.3. Importance of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide  11.4. Air pollution and its effects  11.5. Greenhouse effect and global warming  11.6. Ways to reduce air pollution  11.7. Ozone layer and its importance
  12. Water and its importance  12.1. Properties of Water  12.2. Water as the universal solvent  12.3. Importance of water for life  12.4. Water pollution and its effects  12.5. Water Purification  12.5.1. Filtration  12.5.2. boil  12.5.3. Chlorination in water purification  12.5.4. reverse osmosis  12.6. Hard and soft water  12.7. Water cycle and its importance
  13. Fuel and energy  13.1. Types of fuel  13.1.1. Fossil fuels  13.1.2. Renewable energy sources  13.2. Combustion and energy release  13.3. Global warming and its effects  13.4. Alternative sources of energy  13.5. Ways to conserve energy
  14. Metals and Nonmetals  14.1. Physical and chemical properties of metals  14.2. Physical and Chemical Properties of Non-Metals  14.3. Difference Between Metals and Nonmetals  14.4. Uses of metals and nonmetals  14.5. Corrosion of metals and its prevention  14.6. Alloys and their importance
  15. Plastics and polymers  15.1. Natural and synthetic polymers  15.2. Properties of plastics  15.3. Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable Plastics  15.4. Environmental impact of plastic  15.5. Recycling and waste management in plastics and polymers  15.6. Daily Uses of Polymers
  16. Introduction to Organic Chemistry  16.1. Basic definitions of organic chemistry  16.2. Carbon Compounds in Daily Life  16.3. Hydrocarbons  16.4. Simple functional groups (alcohols and carboxylic acids)  16.5. Importance of organic compounds in industry

Grade 7 → Introduction to Chemistry ↓


Branches of chemistry


Chemistry is a branch of science that studies the substances used to make things. We study the properties, composition, and structure of matter, and the changes that occur during chemical reactions. Chemistry is divided into several branches, each of which focuses on different aspects of matter and its changes. Understanding these branches will help us appreciate the diverse and fascinating nature of chemistry. Below, we will explore these branches in detail.

1. Organic chemistry

Organic chemistry deals with the study of molecules containing carbon. These molecules can vary in size and complexity, from small hydrocarbons to large proteins and DNA. Carbon's ability to form four covalent bonds enables the formation of a vast range of organic compounds.

Examples of organic compounds include methane (CH4), ethanol (C2H6O) and glucose C6H12O6

Visual example: The circle represents a molecule of methane, CH4, where the central carbon atom is bonded to four hydrogen atoms.

2. Inorganic chemistry

Inorganic chemistry focuses on the properties and behavior of inorganic compounds. This includes all chemical compounds except for the numerous organic compounds (compounds containing carbon linked in chains with hydrogen). Inorganic chemistry includes metals, salts, and minerals.

Common examples of inorganic compounds are water (H2O), sodium chloride (salt, NaCl), and sulfuric acid (H2SO4.

Visual example: The rectangle shows the crystal structure of sodium chloride (NaCl), often seen as table salt.

3. Physical chemistry

Physical chemistry combines chemistry with physics. It studies how matter behaves at the molecular and atomic level and how chemical reactions occur. It also involves understanding the physical properties of molecules and how chemicals interact with each other.

Physical chemistry includes concepts such as thermodynamics, kinetics, and quantum chemistry.

Visual example: The curve shows the reaction path of a chemical reaction, and shows the change in energy during the reaction.

4. Analytical chemistry

Analytical chemistry involves identifying and quantifying the components of chemicals. It is essential in many fields, including environmental testing, quality control of products, and medical diagnosis. Analytical chemistry uses a variety of instruments and methods to separate, identify, and quantify matter.

Techniques used in analytical chemistry include chromatography, spectroscopy, and titration.

Visual example: The line depicts a chromatogram, a visual representation of the chromatography process used in analytical chemistry.

5. Biochemistry

Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes that occur within living organisms. It combines biology and chemistry to understand the molecular and cellular functions of living organisms. Biochemistry deals with the structures and functions of cellular components, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules.

An example of a biochemical process is photosynthesis, in which plants convert sunlight into food.

Visual example: The ellipse shows the double helix structure of DNA, a fundamental molecule studied in biochemistry.

Interdisciplinary branches

In addition to the main branches, chemistry has a number of interdisciplinary areas that combine concepts from different scientific disciplines:

Environmental chemistry

Environmental chemistry is the study of chemical processes that occur in the environment. It focuses on the effects of human activity on the environment, such as pollution and climate change. This branch helps us understand, control, and prevent environmental problems.

Geochemistry

Geochemistry studies the chemical composition of the Earth and its rocks and minerals. It also traces the processes that occur on the Earth's surface, such as the formation of rocks and soils and the cycling of elements.

Polymer chemistry

Polymer chemistry focuses on the synthesis and properties of polymers, which are large molecules made up of repeating subunits called monomers. Polymers are important in everyday products such as plastics, rubber, and fibers.

Visual example: The polygon shows the complex structure of a polymer compound made up of repeating units.

The role of chemistry in the real world

Chemistry is connected to various scientific disciplines and plays a vital role in our daily lives. From medicine to agriculture, chemistry contributes significantly to progress and innovations. Understanding the branches of chemistry helps us to know how diverse and essential this science is.

Chemistry is important in the following areas:

  • Medicine: Development of pharmaceuticals and medical technologies.
  • Agriculture: Manufacture of fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides to increase food production.
  • Energy: Innovations in renewable energy sources and battery technology.
  • Materials science: Production of new materials such as composites and nanomaterials.

As we can see, the study of chemistry encompasses a vast area of scientific knowledge. By dividing it into branches, researchers and scientists can focus on specific areas of interest, leading to more specialized and in-depth studies. This broader approach allows us to develop a greater understanding of the world around us.


Grade 7 → 1.3


U
username
0%
completed in Grade 7

← Prev (1.2)
Importance of chemistry in daily life
Next (1.4) →
Scientific Method in Chemistry

Comments 



Branches of chemistry

https://www.chemistryelite.com/g7/1.3?ceal=en