Grade 7
  1. Introduction to Chemistry  1.1. What is Chemistry?  1.2. Importance of chemistry in daily life  1.3. Branches of chemistry  1.4. Scientific Method in Chemistry  1.5. Laboratory Safety Rules and Precautions  1.6. Common Laboratory Equipment and Their Uses  1.7. Units of measurement in chemistry
  2. Matter and its properties  2.1. Definition of Matter  2.2. Classification of matter  2.3. Properties of matter  2.3.1. Physical properties  2.3.2. Chemical properties  2.4. States of matter  2.4.1. Solid state  2.4.2. Fluid state  2.4.3. Gaseous state  2.4.4. Plasma and Bose–Einstein condensates  2.5. Changes in the states of matter  2.5.1. Melting and freezing  2.5.2. Evaporation and Condensation  2.5.3. Sublimation and deposition  2.6. Density and its applications  2.7. Diffusion and its importance
  3. Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures  3.1. Definition of the element  3.2. Classification of elements  3.3. Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids  3.4. Noble gases and their properties  3.5. Introduction to the Periodic Table  3.6. Definition of Compound  3.7. Properties of Compounds  3.8. Introduction to Chemical Formulas  3.9. Definition of Mixture  3.10. Types of mixtures  3.10.1. Homogeneous mixture  3.10.2. Heterogeneous mixtures  3.11. Difference Between Compounds and Mixtures  3.12. Solutions, Colloids and Suspensions
  4. Separation of mixtures  4.1. Need for separation of mixtures  4.2. Separation methods  4.2.1. Filtration  4.2.2. Sedimentation and decantation  4.2.3. Evaporation  4.2.4. Crystallization  4.2.5. Distillation  4.2.6. Chromatography  4.2.7. Magnetic Separation  4.2.8. Centrifugation
  5. Atomic Structure  5.1. Introduction to Atoms  5.2. Structure of the atom  5.2.1. Nucleus and electron cloud  5.3. Subatomic particles  5.3.1. Proton  5.3.2. Neutron  5.3.3. Electrons  5.4. Atomic number and mass number  5.5. Isotopes and their uses  5.6. Ions and ion formation
  6. Periodic table  6.1. Introduction to the Periodic Table  6.2. Groups and periods  6.3. Trends in the Periodic Table  6.3.1. Atomic Size  6.3.2. Metallic and non-metallic character  6.3.3. Electronegativity  6.3.4. Reactivity of the elements  6.4. Alkali metals and their properties
  7. Chemical bond  7.1. Why do atoms form bonds?  7.2. Types of chemical bonds  7.2.1. Ionic bond  7.2.2. Covalent bond  7.2.3. Metal Bond  7.3. Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds  7.4. Intermolecular forces
  8. Chemical reactions  8.1. Introduction to Chemical Reactions  8.2. Signs of a chemical reaction  8.3. Types of Chemical Reactions  8.3.1. Combination Reactions  8.3.2. Decomposition reactions  8.3.3. Displacement reactions  8.3.4. Double displacement reactions  8.3.5. Combustion reactions  8.4. Law of conservation of mass  8.5. Balancing simple chemical equations
  9. Acids, Bases and Salts  9.1. Definition of Acid and Base  9.2. Properties of Acids  9.3. Properties of bases  9.4. pH Scale and Indicators  9.5. Neutralization reactions  9.6. Common Acids and Bases in Everyday Life  9.7. Preparation and use of salts  9.8. Strong and weak acids and bases
  10. Solutions and Solubility  10.1. Definition of Solution  10.2. Components of the solution  10.2.1. Solvent  10.2.2. solute  10.3. Factors Affecting Solubility  10.4. Concentration of solutions  10.5. Saturated and unsaturated solutions  10.6. Colloids and suspensions  10.7. Solubility curve and its interpretation
  11. Air and atmosphere  11.1. Composition of air  11.2. Properties of gases in the air  11.3. Importance of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide  11.4. Air pollution and its effects  11.5. Greenhouse effect and global warming  11.6. Ways to reduce air pollution  11.7. Ozone layer and its importance
  12. Water and its importance  12.1. Properties of Water  12.2. Water as the universal solvent  12.3. Importance of water for life  12.4. Water pollution and its effects  12.5. Water Purification  12.5.1. Filtration  12.5.2. boil  12.5.3. Chlorination in water purification  12.5.4. reverse osmosis  12.6. Hard and soft water  12.7. Water cycle and its importance
  13. Fuel and energy  13.1. Types of fuel  13.1.1. Fossil fuels  13.1.2. Renewable energy sources  13.2. Combustion and energy release  13.3. Global warming and its effects  13.4. Alternative sources of energy  13.5. Ways to conserve energy
  14. Metals and Nonmetals  14.1. Physical and chemical properties of metals  14.2. Physical and Chemical Properties of Non-Metals  14.3. Difference Between Metals and Nonmetals  14.4. Uses of metals and nonmetals  14.5. Corrosion of metals and its prevention  14.6. Alloys and their importance
  15. Plastics and polymers  15.1. Natural and synthetic polymers  15.2. Properties of plastics  15.3. Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable Plastics  15.4. Environmental impact of plastic  15.5. Recycling and waste management in plastics and polymers  15.6. Daily Uses of Polymers
  16. Introduction to Organic Chemistry  16.1. Basic definitions of organic chemistry  16.2. Carbon Compounds in Daily Life  16.3. Hydrocarbons  16.4. Simple functional groups (alcohols and carboxylic acids)  16.5. Importance of organic compounds in industry

Grade 7 → Introduction to Chemistry ↓


Importance of chemistry in daily life


Chemistry is like a wizard that weaves the fabric of our everyday lives, crafting and shaping the essence of our existence. It is involved in everything from the foods we eat to the environment we live in. Let’s dive deep into the world of chemistry and understand how it silently, yet effectively, plays a vital role in our daily activities.

What is chemistry?

Chemistry is the branch of science that deals with the composition, structure and properties of substances and the changes that occur in them during chemical reactions. It is the study of matter and the energy fluctuations that occur during these changes.

Eating and digestion

Every time we eat food, chemistry is at work. Our body digests food through a series of chemical reactions. Enzymes in our digestive system break down food into nutrients that the body absorbs and uses:

Carbohydrates → Glucose
Proteins → Amino Acids
Fats → Fatty Acids + Glycerol

For example, consider how bread is broken:

Bread

Enzymes in saliva convert the starches in bread into simple sugars like glucose, which the body can use for energy.

This process underlines the importance of chemistry in our nutrition and energy acquisition.

Cleanliness and health

Household cleaning is another area where chemistry plays an important role. Soaps and detergents are chemical compounds that help us clean contaminants from surfaces and our bodies.

The chemistry of soap involves the action of molecules that are dual in nature:

  • Hydrophilic head: attracted to water
  • Hydrophobic tail: repels water and binds with oils

This property allows them to emulsify oils and dirt, allowing them to be washed away with water:

H2O

In the cleaning scenario, water droplets are drawn toward the hydrophilic head, while oil and grease are captured by the hydrophobic tail, removing grime from surfaces.

Clothing and textiles

Every piece of clothing you wear owes its properties to chemistry. The fibers in your clothing, whether natural like cotton and wool or synthetic like polyester, are studied in chemistry for texture, durability and reaction to dyes.

Consider this:

Cotton: C 6 H 10 O 5
Polyester: (C 10 H 8 O 4) n
cotton bed sheet

The natural polymer structure of cotton (which is primarily cellulose) is arranged in such a way that it provides ease of breathability and comfort.

The process of dyeing, which involves chemical reactions between fibers and dyes, enables us to enjoy wearing vibrant clothes.

Health and medicine

Chemistry is the basis of pharmaceuticals and healthcare. The medicines we take are made of chemical compounds specifically designed to interact with our biological systems in beneficial ways.

Antibiotics, antivirals, painkillers and vaccines are all products of medicinal chemistry:

Penicillin (C 16 H 18 N 2 O 4 S)

This chemical compound fights against bacterial infections by interfering with the cell wall synthesis of bacteria and inactivating them.

Personal care products

From the toothpaste you use in the morning to the deodorant you apply, chemicals are involved in the manufacturing and efficacy of all personal care items.

The fluoride in your toothpaste helps protect your teeth from cavities:

Sodium Fluoride (NaF)
Toothpaste

This compound chemically bonds with tooth enamel and makes it resistant to decay.

The air we breathe

Chemistry deals with the composition of air and its importance to life. Air is primarily a mixture of nitrogen (N 2) and oxygen (O 2), with some percentage of other gases.

Air Composition:
Nitrogen: 78%
Oxygen: 21%
Other Gases (Argon, Carbon Dioxide, etc.): 1%

Oxygen is vital for respiration and combustion, making it an essential part of our existence.

Energy production

The energy we use for our homes and transportation has a significant chemistry component. Fossil fuels, nuclear power, and renewable resources all derive their utility from chemical reactions:

Coal

The combustion of coal, which is a hydrocarbon, releases energy that helps power turbines to generate electricity.

Creating alternatives such as biofuels and solar cells is part of green chemistry, which aims to find sustainable solutions.

Environmental chemistry

Chemistry also helps us understand and solve environmental problems. One example of this is the study of acid rain, which occurs when water droplets combine with sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere to form sulfuric or nitric acid:

H 2 O + SO 2 → H 2 SO 3

Understanding these reactions helps in formulating policies and strategies to control pollution and preserve natural ecosystems.

Cooking and food preservation

The delicious food you eat is the result of many chemical reactions that take place during cooking. Heat changes the chemical structure of the ingredients, creating the delicious flavors and textures we enjoy.

Baking involves several chemical reactions, including the role of baking powder:

NaHCO 3 + H + → CO 2 + H 2 O

This reaction results in the formation of carbon dioxide gas, which helps the dough to rise and makes the cake soft.

Preservation techniques, such as pickling, salting, and dehydration, all use principles of chemistry to extend the shelf life of foods.

Conclusion

The impact of chemistry is enormous and is widely involved in our day-to-day activities. From waking up in the morning to going to bed at night, chemistry makes our lives more convenient, healthier, and full of possibilities. Understanding these chemical processes increases our understanding of the physical and non-physical benefits that chemistry provides. As students, it is important to understand its pervasiveness in order to understand how science constantly impacts our world.


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Importance of chemistry in daily life

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