Grade 6
  1. Introduction to Chemistry  1.1. What is Chemistry?  1.2. Importance of chemistry in daily life  1.3. Branches of chemistry  1.4. Safety rules in chemistry laboratory  1.5. Common Laboratory Equipment and Their Uses
  2. Matter and its states  2.1. Definition of Matter  2.2. Properties of matter  2.3. States of matter  2.4. Solid state  2.5. Fluid state  2.6. Gaseous state  2.7. Plasma state  2.8. Changes in the states of matter  2.9. Melting and freezing  2.10. Evaporation and Condensation  2.11. Sublimation  2.12. Deposit
  3. Physical and chemical changes  3.1. Definition of Physical Change  3.2. Examples of physical change  3.3. Definition of Chemical Change  3.4. Examples of chemical change  3.5. Difference Between Physical and Chemical Changes  3.6. Indicators of Chemical Change
  4. Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures  4.1. Definition of the element  4.2. Classification of elements  4.3. Metals  4.4. Non metallic  4.5. Metalloids  4.6. Noble gases  4.7. Definition of compound  4.8. Properties of Compounds  4.9. Definition of Mixture  4.10. Types of mixtures  4.11. Homogeneous mixture  4.12. Heterogeneous mixtures
  5. Separation of mixtures  5.1. The need for isolation  5.2. Separation methods  5.3. Handpicking and winnowing  5.4. Filtration  5.5. Sedimentation and decantation  5.6. Evaporation  5.7. Crystallization  5.8. Distillation  5.9. Magnetic Separation  5.10. Chromatography
  6. Air and its composition  6.1. Components of air  6.2. Importance of Oxygen  6.3. The importance of nitrogen in the air and its composition  6.4. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere  6.5. The role of water vapor and other gases in air and its composition  6.6. Properties of Air  6.7. Uses of air  6.8. Air pollution and its effects
  7. Water and its properties  7.1. Importance of Water  7.2. Sources of water  7.3. Properties of water  7.4. Water as the universal solvent  7.5. Water Purification  7.6. Water purification methods (boiling, filtration, chlorination)  7.7. Water cycle  7.8. Water conservation  7.9. Water pollution and its effects
  8. Acids, Bases and Salts  8.1. Definition of Acid  8.2. Properties of Acids  8.3. Examples of Acids  8.4. Definition of Bases  8.5. Properties of bases  8.6. Examples of Bases  8.7. Definition of Salt  8.8. Neutralization reaction  8.9. pH Scale and Indicators  8.10. Uses of Acids, Bases and Salts
  9. Introduction to the Periodic Table  9.1. History of the Periodic Table  9.2. Arrangement of elements in the periodic table  9.3. Groups and periods  9.4. Importance of periodic table  9.5. First 10 elements and their symbols
  10. Metals and Nonmetals  10.1. Properties of Metals  10.2. Properties of Non-Metals  10.3. Difference Between Metals and Nonmetals  10.4. Uses of metals and nonmetals  10.5. Corrosion of metals and its prevention
  11. chemical reactions  11.1. Introduction to Chemical Reactions  11.2. Types of Chemical Reactions  11.3. combustion reaction  11.4. Oxidation and Reduction  11.5. Simple chemical equations  11.6. Rusting of iron
  12. Fuel and energy  12.1. Types of fuel  12.2. Fossil fuels  12.3. Renewable and non-renewable sources of energy  12.4. Energy Conservation  12.5. Alternative sources of energy (solar, wind, hydropower)
  13. Plastic and fiber  13.1. Natural and synthetic fibers  13.2. Properties of plastics  13.3. Advantages and disadvantages of plastic  13.4. Recycling of plastic  13.5. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials

Grade 6 → Acids, Bases and Salts ↓


Uses of Acids, Bases and Salts


Acids, bases and salts are everywhere in our daily lives. They are used in many ways, from cooking to cleaning and even in medicines. Let's find out how these substances are used and where we can find them.

What are acids?

Acids are special substances that taste sour. They can be found in many foods and have a pH value less than 7. Some common acids include:

  • Citrus acid: Found in lemons and oranges.
  • Acetic acid: The main component of vinegar.
  • Hydrochloric acid: Found in the digestive juices of our stomach.

Uses of acids

Acids have many uses in the world around us. Here are some uses:

1. In food

Acids enhance flavor and preserve foods. For example, citric acid is used to add a sour taste to candy and soft drinks. The acetic acid in vinegar is used to pickle vegetables.

CH₃COOH (Acetic acid)

2. In cleaning

Acids are often used in cleaning products. They can help remove hard water deposits, rust stains, and other residues. Hydrochloric acid is used in some toilet bowl cleaners.

3. In industry

Many industries use acids to make fertilizers, dyes, and explosives. Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) is one of the most commonly used industrial acids for manufacturing fertilizers.

H₂SO₄ (Sulfuric acid)

4. In medicine

Acids such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C) are essential for our health. They help in the growth and repair of tissues in the body.

What are the bases?

Bases are substances that taste bitter and soapy. They are often found in cleaning products. Bases have a pH greater than 7. Some bases include:

  • Sodium Hydroxide: Used in making soap.
  • Ammonia: Commonly used in cleaning products.
  • Magnesium hydroxide: Used as a laxative.

Uses of bases

Bases are used for many purposes. Here are some examples:

1. In cleaning

Bases are good at cleaning oil and grease. They are found in household cleaners such as bleach and detergents. Sodium hydroxide is also used to clean drains.

NaOH (Sodium hydroxide)

2. In cooking

Baking soda, a mild base, is used to make cakes and breads rise.

NaHCO₃ (Baking soda)

3. In medicine

Alkalis help reduce stomach acidity. Medicines such as antacids use alkalis to neutralise stomach acid.

4. In industry

Bases like calcium hydroxide are used in making plaster and cement.

Ca(OH)₂ (Calcium hydroxide)

What are salts?

Salts are compounds that form when an acid reacts with a base. They are generally neutral and have many uses. Common table salt is an example, known chemically as sodium chloride:

NaCl

Uses of salts

Salts have a wide range of uses, some of which are:

1. In cooking

Sodium chloride or table salt is very important in cooking. It makes food tasty and keeps it safe by preventing bacteria from growing.

2. In de-icing

Salts such as calcium chloride are used to melt ice and snow on roads during the winter.

CaCl₂ (Calcium chloride)

3. In industry

Many salts are used in industrial processes. For example, potassium nitrate is used in fertilizers.

KNO₃ (Potassium nitrate)

4. In health

Salts such as Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) are used in baths to relax muscles.

MgSO₄ (Magnesium sulfate)

5. In water treatment

Salts are also used in water softening systems to remove water hardness.

Conclusion

Acids, bases and salts are important components of chemistry that affect everyday life. They are used in a variety of industries, our homes and for our health. Understanding their role helps us appreciate the many functions they perform.


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