Grade 6
  1. Introduction to Chemistry  1.1. What is Chemistry?  1.2. Importance of chemistry in daily life  1.3. Branches of chemistry  1.4. Safety rules in chemistry laboratory  1.5. Common Laboratory Equipment and Their Uses
  2. Matter and its states  2.1. Definition of Matter  2.2. Properties of matter  2.3. States of matter  2.4. Solid state  2.5. Fluid state  2.6. Gaseous state  2.7. Plasma state  2.8. Changes in the states of matter  2.9. Melting and freezing  2.10. Evaporation and Condensation  2.11. Sublimation  2.12. Deposit
  3. Physical and chemical changes  3.1. Definition of Physical Change  3.2. Examples of physical change  3.3. Definition of Chemical Change  3.4. Examples of chemical change  3.5. Difference Between Physical and Chemical Changes  3.6. Indicators of Chemical Change
  4. Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures  4.1. Definition of the element  4.2. Classification of elements  4.3. Metals  4.4. Non metallic  4.5. Metalloids  4.6. Noble gases  4.7. Definition of compound  4.8. Properties of Compounds  4.9. Definition of Mixture  4.10. Types of mixtures  4.11. Homogeneous mixture  4.12. Heterogeneous mixtures
  5. Separation of mixtures  5.1. The need for isolation  5.2. Separation methods  5.3. Handpicking and winnowing  5.4. Filtration  5.5. Sedimentation and decantation  5.6. Evaporation  5.7. Crystallization  5.8. Distillation  5.9. Magnetic Separation  5.10. Chromatography
  6. Air and its composition  6.1. Components of air  6.2. Importance of Oxygen  6.3. The importance of nitrogen in the air and its composition  6.4. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere  6.5. The role of water vapor and other gases in air and its composition  6.6. Properties of Air  6.7. Uses of air  6.8. Air pollution and its effects
  7. Water and its properties  7.1. Importance of Water  7.2. Sources of water  7.3. Properties of water  7.4. Water as the universal solvent  7.5. Water Purification  7.6. Water purification methods (boiling, filtration, chlorination)  7.7. Water cycle  7.8. Water conservation  7.9. Water pollution and its effects
  8. Acids, Bases and Salts  8.1. Definition of Acid  8.2. Properties of Acids  8.3. Examples of Acids  8.4. Definition of Bases  8.5. Properties of bases  8.6. Examples of Bases  8.7. Definition of Salt  8.8. Neutralization reaction  8.9. pH Scale and Indicators  8.10. Uses of Acids, Bases and Salts
  9. Introduction to the Periodic Table  9.1. History of the Periodic Table  9.2. Arrangement of elements in the periodic table  9.3. Groups and periods  9.4. Importance of periodic table  9.5. First 10 elements and their symbols
  10. Metals and Nonmetals  10.1. Properties of Metals  10.2. Properties of Non-Metals  10.3. Difference Between Metals and Nonmetals  10.4. Uses of metals and nonmetals  10.5. Corrosion of metals and its prevention
  11. chemical reactions  11.1. Introduction to Chemical Reactions  11.2. Types of Chemical Reactions  11.3. combustion reaction  11.4. Oxidation and Reduction  11.5. Simple chemical equations  11.6. Rusting of iron
  12. Fuel and energy  12.1. Types of fuel  12.2. Fossil fuels  12.3. Renewable and non-renewable sources of energy  12.4. Energy Conservation  12.5. Alternative sources of energy (solar, wind, hydropower)
  13. Plastic and fiber  13.1. Natural and synthetic fibers  13.2. Properties of plastics  13.3. Advantages and disadvantages of plastic  13.4. Recycling of plastic  13.5. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials

Grade 6 → Water and its properties ↓


Sources of water


Water is a fundamental part of life. It is essential for the survival of all living organisms. Let's try to understand the different sources of water. Understanding where water comes from helps us understand its availability and the importance of conserving this vital resource. Water is available in different forms and from different sources. In this article, we will learn about these sources in detail.

Natural sources of water

Natural sources of water are found in nature without human intervention. These sources include:

1. Rainwater

Rainwater is one of the purest forms of natural water. It is formed through the hydrological cycle, which involves water evaporating, condensing into clouds, and then precipitating as rain.

Rain

2. Rivers and lakes

Rivers and lakes are the main sources of fresh water. They collect rainwater and water from melting snow in higher areas and flow towards the sea. Rivers also get water from springs and groundwater.

River

3. Oceans and seas

Oceans and seas are the largest bodies of water on Earth. They contain salty water and cover about 71% of the Earth's surface. Although this water is not suitable for drinking without salinity, oceans play a vital role in regulating global climate and weather patterns.

Ocean

4. Groundwater

Groundwater is water that exists in soil pores and cracks in rocks below the Earth's surface. An area where groundwater saturates the space between rock and soil is called an aquifer. Groundwater can be extracted using pumps and wells.

5. Glaciers and icebergs

Glaciers and icebergs store about 68.7% of the world's fresh water. They are huge, slow-moving rivers of ice found in polar regions and mountainous areas. When they melt, they provide water to rivers and lakes.

Artificial sources of water

Human ingenuity has also led to the creation of artificial water sources. These include structures and systems developed to supply water to areas where it may not be readily available:

1. Dam

Dams are built on rivers to store water in reservoirs. They help in water supply, hydroelectricity generation and flood control. Dam water can be used for irrigation, drinking and industrial purposes.

2. Canals

Canals are man-made waterways used to transport water from one place to another. They play a vital role in irrigation, aiding agriculture in areas where there may not be enough water.

3. Wells

Wells are structures that are drilled into the ground to access groundwater. They have been used for thousands of years to provide a regular supply of water to communities.

4. Desalination plant

Desalination is the process of removing salt from seawater to make it suitable for drinking and irrigation. This technique is important in arid regions where natural freshwater resources are scarce.

2NaCl + H2O = 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2

Water cycle

The water cycle is a continuous process by which water moves through the Earth's atmosphere and surface. It includes several major processes: evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, surface runoff, and underground flow.

Evaporation Evaporation Precipitation

Evaporation: Water from the surface of oceans, lakes, rivers, and soil turns into vapor and rises into the atmosphere.

Condensation: The water vapor cools and forms clouds.

Precipitation: The clouds become heavy and the water falls back to the Earth's surface as rain, snow, or hail.

Infiltration: Rainwater seeps into the soil and contributes to groundwater.

Surface runoff: Rainwater flows over the surface of the land and returns to rivers, lakes, and oceans.

Importance of water conservation

Since water is a limited resource, conserving it is essential to ensure that enough water is available for future generations. Overuse or contamination of water sources can cause scarcity, affecting lives and the environment. Actions such as reducing waste, fixing leaks, and using water-efficient appliances help conserve water.

It's important for everyone to understand their role in maintaining the health of our planet's water sources. By reducing pollution, managing water use, and protecting ecosystems, we can ensure that water continues to nourish life on Earth.

Let us remember that every drop counts, and through collective efforts we can preserve water resources for years to come.


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Sources of water

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