Grade 6
  1. Introduction to Chemistry  1.1. What is Chemistry?  1.2. Importance of chemistry in daily life  1.3. Branches of chemistry  1.4. Safety rules in chemistry laboratory  1.5. Common Laboratory Equipment and Their Uses
  2. Matter and its states  2.1. Definition of Matter  2.2. Properties of matter  2.3. States of matter  2.4. Solid state  2.5. Fluid state  2.6. Gaseous state  2.7. Plasma state  2.8. Changes in the states of matter  2.9. Melting and freezing  2.10. Evaporation and Condensation  2.11. Sublimation  2.12. Deposit
  3. Physical and chemical changes  3.1. Definition of Physical Change  3.2. Examples of physical change  3.3. Definition of Chemical Change  3.4. Examples of chemical change  3.5. Difference Between Physical and Chemical Changes  3.6. Indicators of Chemical Change
  4. Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures  4.1. Definition of the element  4.2. Classification of elements  4.3. Metals  4.4. Non metallic  4.5. Metalloids  4.6. Noble gases  4.7. Definition of compound  4.8. Properties of Compounds  4.9. Definition of Mixture  4.10. Types of mixtures  4.11. Homogeneous mixture  4.12. Heterogeneous mixtures
  5. Separation of mixtures  5.1. The need for isolation  5.2. Separation methods  5.3. Handpicking and winnowing  5.4. Filtration  5.5. Sedimentation and decantation  5.6. Evaporation  5.7. Crystallization  5.8. Distillation  5.9. Magnetic Separation  5.10. Chromatography
  6. Air and its composition  6.1. Components of air  6.2. Importance of Oxygen  6.3. The importance of nitrogen in the air and its composition  6.4. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere  6.5. The role of water vapor and other gases in air and its composition  6.6. Properties of Air  6.7. Uses of air  6.8. Air pollution and its effects
  7. Water and its properties  7.1. Importance of Water  7.2. Sources of water  7.3. Properties of water  7.4. Water as the universal solvent  7.5. Water Purification  7.6. Water purification methods (boiling, filtration, chlorination)  7.7. Water cycle  7.8. Water conservation  7.9. Water pollution and its effects
  8. Acids, Bases and Salts  8.1. Definition of Acid  8.2. Properties of Acids  8.3. Examples of Acids  8.4. Definition of Bases  8.5. Properties of bases  8.6. Examples of Bases  8.7. Definition of Salt  8.8. Neutralization reaction  8.9. pH Scale and Indicators  8.10. Uses of Acids, Bases and Salts
  9. Introduction to the Periodic Table  9.1. History of the Periodic Table  9.2. Arrangement of elements in the periodic table  9.3. Groups and periods  9.4. Importance of periodic table  9.5. First 10 elements and their symbols
  10. Metals and Nonmetals  10.1. Properties of Metals  10.2. Properties of Non-Metals  10.3. Difference Between Metals and Nonmetals  10.4. Uses of metals and nonmetals  10.5. Corrosion of metals and its prevention
  11. chemical reactions  11.1. Introduction to Chemical Reactions  11.2. Types of Chemical Reactions  11.3. combustion reaction  11.4. Oxidation and Reduction  11.5. Simple chemical equations  11.6. Rusting of iron
  12. Fuel and energy  12.1. Types of fuel  12.2. Fossil fuels  12.3. Renewable and non-renewable sources of energy  12.4. Energy Conservation  12.5. Alternative sources of energy (solar, wind, hydropower)
  13. Plastic and fiber  13.1. Natural and synthetic fibers  13.2. Properties of plastics  13.3. Advantages and disadvantages of plastic  13.4. Recycling of plastic  13.5. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials

Grade 6 → Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures ↓


Non metallic


Nonmetals are fascinating and important components of chemistry and play an essential role in many chemical phenomena and life processes. Let's take a deeper look at nonmetals and how they exist in elements, compounds, and mixtures in a way that's simple and exciting enough for a sixth grade level.

What are nonmetals?

Nonmetals are elements that do not have the usual properties associated with metals. They can be gases such as oxygen or nitrogen, solids such as carbon or sulfur, or even liquids such as bromine. Unlike metals, nonmetals are not lustrous, are mostly non-conductors, and have low densities.

Physical properties of nonmetals

  • lack of metallic luster
  • poor conductor of electricity and heat
  • brittle when solid and can break easily
  • can be gas, liquid, or solid at room temperature

Nonmetals as elements

An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Nonmetals make up a part of the periodic table and include the following elements:

  • Hydrogen (H)
  • Carbon (C)
  • Nitrogen (N)
  • Oxygen (O)
  • Phosphorus (P)
  • Sulfur (S)
  • Chlorine (Cl)

These elements exist naturally and can be found in different parts of nature. For example, oxygen is abundant in the Earth's atmosphere, while carbon is found in living organisms.

Visual example:
Oxygen, a nonmetal, is essential for breathing. We breathe oxygen, which is part of the atmosphere, and our bodies use it for a variety of life-sustaining processes.
Hey
symbol of oxygen

Nonmetals in compounds

When nonmetals combine with other elements, they form compounds. A compound is a substance that contains two or more elements chemically bonded together.

Examples of nonmetal compounds

  • Water (H 2 O) - A compound made of hydrogen and oxygen.
  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) - A compound composed of carbon and oxygen.
  • Sulfur dioxide (SO2) – Made from sulfur and oxygen.
  • Methane (CH4) – Composed of carbon and hydrogen.

Water (H 2 O) is one of the most important compounds made from non-metals. It is vital for life and is found in oceans, rivers, and even our bodies.

Visual example:
Water is formed when one atom of oxygen bonds with two atoms of hydrogen.
Hey H H
water molecule

Nonmetals in mixture

Mixtures are made up of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded to each other. Nonmetals can be part of mixtures in various forms, such as:

  • Air - A mixture of gases composed primarily of nitrogen and oxygen.
  • Sand – May contain compounds such as SiO2, which contains the nonmetallic silicon.
  • Soil - contains various elements, including nonmetals such as nitrogen, that are essential for plant growth.

Air is an indispensable mixture consisting of many gases, of which non-metals such as nitrogen and oxygen make up a large percentage. This mixture is vital for sustaining life on Earth.

Visual example:
Air is a mixture of many gases, including nonmetals such as nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2).
N2 O2
Representation of gases in the air

Importance of non-metals

Nonmetals play an important role in a variety of processes and applications:

  • Oxygen - essential for respiration in humans and animals.
  • Carbon - is the backbone of all organic molecules and a fundamental part of life.
  • Nitrogen - An important element for plant growth as it is a major component of chlorophyll and amino acids.
  • Phosphorus - Important for DNA and energy transfer in cells.

Daily uses of non metals

In addition to their role in biological processes, nonmetals are important in many everyday applications:

  • Nonmetallic gases such as oxygen are used in medical treatment and life support systems.
  • Carbon is used in pencils (as graphite) and filters.
  • Chlorine is widely used in water treatment to kill harmful bacteria.

Caring for our environment

Nonmetals also play roles in environmental processes. They are involved in the carbon and nitrogen cycles, which are important for the balance of ecosystems. Learning more about their roles helps us appreciate the environment and encourage us to protect it.

Conclusion

Nonmetals lack the lustre of metals, but they have many exciting properties and are integral to life and a variety of chemical processes. Understanding their place in nature helps us understand the complex world of chemistry.

Review and reflect

  • Think of a place where you might see non-metals in action in your daily life.
  • Consider how you regularly use or interact with nonmetallic elements and compounds.

Nonmetals aren't just part of the periodic table. They're everywhere around us, making up the world we live in and supporting life in countless ways.


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Non metallic

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