Grade 6
  1. Introduction to Chemistry  1.1. What is Chemistry?  1.2. Importance of chemistry in daily life  1.3. Branches of chemistry  1.4. Safety rules in chemistry laboratory  1.5. Common Laboratory Equipment and Their Uses
  2. Matter and its states  2.1. Definition of Matter  2.2. Properties of matter  2.3. States of matter  2.4. Solid state  2.5. Fluid state  2.6. Gaseous state  2.7. Plasma state  2.8. Changes in the states of matter  2.9. Melting and freezing  2.10. Evaporation and Condensation  2.11. Sublimation  2.12. Deposit
  3. Physical and chemical changes  3.1. Definition of Physical Change  3.2. Examples of physical change  3.3. Definition of Chemical Change  3.4. Examples of chemical change  3.5. Difference Between Physical and Chemical Changes  3.6. Indicators of Chemical Change
  4. Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures  4.1. Definition of the element  4.2. Classification of elements  4.3. Metals  4.4. Non metallic  4.5. Metalloids  4.6. Noble gases  4.7. Definition of compound  4.8. Properties of Compounds  4.9. Definition of Mixture  4.10. Types of mixtures  4.11. Homogeneous mixture  4.12. Heterogeneous mixtures
  5. Separation of mixtures  5.1. The need for isolation  5.2. Separation methods  5.3. Handpicking and winnowing  5.4. Filtration  5.5. Sedimentation and decantation  5.6. Evaporation  5.7. Crystallization  5.8. Distillation  5.9. Magnetic Separation  5.10. Chromatography
  6. Air and its composition  6.1. Components of air  6.2. Importance of Oxygen  6.3. The importance of nitrogen in the air and its composition  6.4. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere  6.5. The role of water vapor and other gases in air and its composition  6.6. Properties of Air  6.7. Uses of air  6.8. Air pollution and its effects
  7. Water and its properties  7.1. Importance of Water  7.2. Sources of water  7.3. Properties of water  7.4. Water as the universal solvent  7.5. Water Purification  7.6. Water purification methods (boiling, filtration, chlorination)  7.7. Water cycle  7.8. Water conservation  7.9. Water pollution and its effects
  8. Acids, Bases and Salts  8.1. Definition of Acid  8.2. Properties of Acids  8.3. Examples of Acids  8.4. Definition of Bases  8.5. Properties of bases  8.6. Examples of Bases  8.7. Definition of Salt  8.8. Neutralization reaction  8.9. pH Scale and Indicators  8.10. Uses of Acids, Bases and Salts
  9. Introduction to the Periodic Table  9.1. History of the Periodic Table  9.2. Arrangement of elements in the periodic table  9.3. Groups and periods  9.4. Importance of periodic table  9.5. First 10 elements and their symbols
  10. Metals and Nonmetals  10.1. Properties of Metals  10.2. Properties of Non-Metals  10.3. Difference Between Metals and Nonmetals  10.4. Uses of metals and nonmetals  10.5. Corrosion of metals and its prevention
  11. chemical reactions  11.1. Introduction to Chemical Reactions  11.2. Types of Chemical Reactions  11.3. combustion reaction  11.4. Oxidation and Reduction  11.5. Simple chemical equations  11.6. Rusting of iron
  12. Fuel and energy  12.1. Types of fuel  12.2. Fossil fuels  12.3. Renewable and non-renewable sources of energy  12.4. Energy Conservation  12.5. Alternative sources of energy (solar, wind, hydropower)
  13. Plastic and fiber  13.1. Natural and synthetic fibers  13.2. Properties of plastics  13.3. Advantages and disadvantages of plastic  13.4. Recycling of plastic  13.5. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials

Grade 6 → Introduction to Chemistry ↓


Branches of chemistry


Chemistry is a fascinating science that revolves around the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. The vast field of chemistry is divided into various branches, each of which focuses on specific aspects of matter and its reactions. In this lesson, we will explore some of the major branches of chemistry such as organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, and biochemistry. By understanding these branches, you will gain a better understanding of the diverse roles of chemistry in the world around you.

1. Organic chemistry

Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that studies the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of carbon-containing compounds. These compounds often contain other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and halogens. Organic chemistry is fundamental to the development of pharmaceuticals, plastics, fuels, and more.

Carbon - The Backbone of Organic Chemistry

Example: Methane (CH 4) is one of the simplest organic compounds where carbon forms one bond with four hydrogen atoms.

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   ,
HCH
   ,
   H

2. Inorganic chemistry

Inorganic chemistry is the branch that deals with inorganic compounds, which are compounds that are not based on carbon atoms. This branch focuses on minerals, metals, and organometallic compounds. Inorganic chemistry plays an important role in industries such as manufacturing, mining, and environmental science.

Iron - a major inorganic element

Example: Water (H 2 O) is one of the best-known inorganic compounds, vital to all forms of life.

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HH

3. Physical chemistry

Physical chemistry combines chemistry with physics to study how matter behaves at the molecular and atomic level, and how chemical reactions occur. This branch includes concepts such as thermodynamics, kinetics, quantum chemistry, and spectroscopy.

Energy Levels - Essentials in Physical Chemistry

Example: When heating water, heat energy causes the molecules to move faster, leading to a change of state from liquid to gas, which is studied in thermodynamics.

4. Analytical chemistry

Analytical chemistry involves analyzing samples of materials to understand their chemical composition and structure. This branch of chemistry is essential for quality control in industries such as food, pharmaceuticals, and environmental monitoring. It involves techniques such as chromatography, spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry.

Spectroscopy - a tool in analytical chemistry

Example: Using chromatography to separate and identify different colors in a mixture.

5. Biochemistry

Biochemistry is the branch of chemistry that explores the chemical processes within and related to living organisms. It is a laboratory-based science that combines both biology and chemistry. Biochemistry is important for understanding cellular processes, and is important in fields such as genetics and medicine.

Proteins - building blocks in biochemistry

Example: DNA, the molecule that carries genetic instructions used in the growth and functioning of organisms, is a major molecule studied in biochemistry.

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Conclusion

The branches of chemistry are interconnected and often overlap. Each branch provides important insights and tools to solve real-world problems, contribute to technological advances, and improve our quality of life. Whether creating new materials, diagnosing diseases, or generating energy, chemistry and its branches are integral to understanding and manipulating the world.


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Branches of chemistry

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