Chemistry For Undergraduate

Introduction

Undergraduate Chemistry provides an in-depth exploration of fundamental and applied chemistry. Topics include advanced atomic and molecular structure, quantum chemistry, thermodynamics, kinetics, and equilibrium. Organic Chemistry covers reaction mechanisms, spectroscopy, and synthesis, while Inorganic Chemistry explores coordination compounds and crystallography. Analytical Chemistry introduces chromatography, spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods. Biochemistry connects chemistry to biological systems. Laboratory work emphasizes precision, instrumentation, and scientific communication, preparing students for research, industry, or further study.

All Chapters & Topics

1.  General chemistry

• 1.1.  Introduction to Chemistry
• 1.2.  Atomic Structure
• 1.2.1.  Subatomic particles
• 1.2.2.  Atomic Model
• 1.2.3.  Quantum numbers
• 1.2.4.  Electron Configuration
• 1.2.5.  Periodic trends
• 1.2.6.  Isotopes and their applications
• 1.3.  Chemical bond
• 1.3.1.  Ionic bond
• 1.3.2.  Covalent bonds
• 1.3.3.  Metal Bond
• 1.3.4.  Hybridization
• 1.3.5.  Molecular geometry and VSEPR theory
• 1.3.6.  Bond polarity and dipole moment
• 1.4.  Stoichiometry
• 1.4.1.  Mole concept
• 1.4.2.  Empirical and molecular formula
• 1.4.3.  Limiting reactant and excess reactant
• 1.4.4.  Percent Yield and Purity
• 1.4.5.  Dilution calculation
• 1.5.  States of matter
• 1.5.1.  Gas Laws
• 1.5.2.  Matter and Intermolecular Forces
• 1.5.3.  Solid and Crystal Structures
• 1.5.4.  Phase diagram
• 1.5.5.  Plasma and supercritical fluid
• 1.6.  Chemical reactions
• 1.6.1.  Types of Chemical Reactions
• 1.6.2.  Balancing Chemical Equations
• 1.6.3.  Thermochemical reactions
• 1.6.4.  Reaction energy profiles
• 1.7.  Solutions and Mixtures
• 1.7.1.  Concentration units
• 1.7.2.  Syndrome properties
• 1.7.3.  Solubility and Solubility Rules
• 1.7.4.  Henry's Law and Raoult's Law
• 1.7.5.  Partition coefficient
• 1.8.  Chemical equilibrium
• 1.8.1.  Law of mass action
• 1.8.2.  Le Chatelier's principle
• 1.8.3.  Reaction quotient
• 1.8.4.  To use this online calculator for Equilibrium Constant, enter Equilibrium Constant (Eq.) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Equilibrium Constant calculation can be explained with given input values -> 0.05 = 0.05/0.
• 1.8.5.  Acid-base balance
• 1.9.  Acids and bases
• 1.9.1.  Arrhenius, Brønsted–Lowry, and Lewis definitions
• 1.9.2.  pH and pOH
• 1.9.3.  Acid-base titration
• 1.9.4.  Buffer Solution
• 1.9.5.  Acid-base indicator
• 1.9.6.  Polyprotic Acids and Bases
• 1.10.  Electrochemistry
• 1.10.1.  redox reactions
• 1.10.2.  Galvanic and Electrolytic Cells
• 1.10.3.  Nernst equation
• 1.10.4.  Electrolysis
• 1.10.5.  Faraday's laws of electrolysis
• 1.11.  Thermodynamics
• 1.11.1.  Laws of Thermodynamics
• 1.11.2.  Enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy
• 1.11.3.  Spontaneity of reactions
• 1.11.4.  Thermodynamic cycles (Hess's law, Carnot cycle)
• 1.12.  Kinetics
• 1.12.1.  Rate law and reaction order
• 1.12.2.  Activation Energy and Catalyst
• 1.12.3.  Collision theory
• 1.12.4.  Reaction mechanism
• 1.12.5.  Transition state theory

2.  Organic chemistry

• 2.1.  Structure and relationships
• 2.1.1.  Hybridisation in Carbon Compounds
• 2.1.2.  Resonance and aromatization
• 2.1.3.  Molecular orbitals
• 2.1.4.  Inductive and mesomeric effects
• 2.2.  Hydrocarbons
• 2.2.1.  Hydrocarbons
• 2.2.2.  Alkene
• 2.2.3.  Alkynes
• 2.2.4.  Aromatic compounds
• 2.2.5.  Cycloalkanes and Conformation
• 2.3.  Functional Group
• 2.3.1.  Alcohols and phenols
• 2.3.2.  Ethers and epoxides
• 2.3.3.  Aldehyde and ketone
• 2.3.4.  Carboxylic acids and derivatives
• 2.3.5.  Amin
• 2.3.6.  Esters and amides
• 2.3.7.  Thiols and sulfides
• 2.4.  Stereoscopic
• 2.4.1.  Isomerism in Stereochemistry
• 2.4.2.  Chirality and optical activity
• 2.4.3.  Structural analysis
• 2.4.4.  Diastereomers and Enantiomers
• 2.5.1.  Substitution reactions
• 2.5.2.  Elimination reactions
• 2.5.3.  Addition reactions
• 2.5.4.  Radical reactions
• 2.5.5.  Rearrangement reactions
• 2.5.6.  Pericyclic Reactions
• 2.6.  Spectroscopy and structural analysis
• 2.6.1.  Infrared Spectroscopy
• 2.6.2.  Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
• 2.6.3.  Mass Spectrometry
• 2.6.4.  UV-visible spectroscopy
• 2.6.5.  X-ray crystallography
• 2.7.  Polymer chemistry
• 2.7.1.  Addition and Condensation Polymers
• 2.7.2.  Polymerization mechanism
• 2.7.3.  Biodegradable Polymer
• 2.7.4.  Conducting and smart polymers

3.  Inorganic chemistry

• 3.1.  Coordination chemistry
• 3.1.1.  Ligands and coordination compounds
• 3.1.2.  Crystal field theory
• 3.1.3.  Molecular Orbital Theory in Coordination Compounds
• 3.1.4.  Jahn–Taylor distortion
• 3.2.  Main Group Chemistry
• 3.2.1.  Alkali and alkaline earth metals
• 3.2.2.  Halogens and Noble Gases
• 3.2.3.  Transition metals and their complexes
• 3.2.4.  Lanthanides and Actinides
• 3.3.  Solid state chemistry
• 3.3.1.  Crystal lattices and unit cells
• 3.3.2.  Defects in solids
• 3.3.3.  Electrical and magnetic properties
• 3.3.4.  Superconductivity
• 3.4.  Bio-inorganic chemistry
• 3.4.1.  Metal ions in biology
• 3.4.2.  Enzymatic reactions with metals
• 3.4.3.  Metal poisoning and detoxification
• 3.4.4.  Metalloproteins and Metalloenzymes

4.  Physical chemistry

• 4.1.  Quantum Chemistry
• 4.1.1.  Wave–particle duality
• 4.1.2.  Schrödinger Equation
• 4.1.3.  Quantum Numbers and Orbitals
• 4.1.4.  Atomic and molecular spectroscopy
• 4.2.  Statistical mechanics
• 4.2.1.  Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution
• 4.2.2.  Partitioning functions
• 4.2.3.  Bose–Einstein and Fermi–Dirac statistics
• 4.3.  Chemical thermodynamics
• 4.3.1.  Gibbs Free Energy
• 4.3.2.  Phase transition
• 4.3.3.  Thermodynamic efficiency
• 4.4.  Surface chemistry
• 4.4.1.  Absorption and Catalysis
• 4.4.2.  Colloids and Emulsions

5.  Analytical Chemistry

• 5.1.  Classical methods
• 5.1.1.  Gravimetric Analysis
• 5.1.2.  titrimeter
• 5.2.  Instrumental methods
• 5.2.1.  Chromatography
• 5.2.2.  Spectroscopy
• 5.2.3.  Electroanalytical methods
• 5.2.4.  X-ray diffraction

6.  Industrial Chemistry

• 6.1.  Petrochemistry
• 6.2.  Chemical engineering principles
• 6.3.  Green Chemistry
• 6.4.  Pharmaceuticals and Drug Synthesis

7.  Biochemistry

• 7.1.  Carbohydrates
• 7.2.  Proteins and enzymes
• 7.3.  Lipids and membranes
• 7.4.  Nucleic acids
• 7.5.  Metabolism and Bioenergetics
• 7.6.  Enzyme kinetics and mechanism