Chemistry For Grade 9

Introduction

Grade 9 Chemistry explores the reactivity of elements based on atomic theory, electronic configuration, and periodic trends. Students learn about types of chemical bonds, balancing chemical equations, and the fundamentals of stoichiometry. They study solutions, solubility, and the behavior of gases under different conditions. Oxidation-reduction reactions, as well as acids, bases, and their reactivities, are explored in more detail. The curriculum integrates real-life applications, such as industrial chemical processes and environmental impacts, encouraging students to think critically about the role of chemistry in everyday life.

All Chapters & Topics

1.  Matter and its nature

• 1.1.  Introduction to matter
• 1.2.  Physical and chemical properties of matter
• 1.3.  States of matter
• 1.3.1.  Solid state
• 1.3.2.  Fluid state
• 1.3.3.  Gaseous state
• 1.3.4.  Plasma and Bose–Einstein condensate
• 1.4.  Changes in the states of matter
• 1.4.1.  Melting and freezing
• 1.4.2.  Evaporation and Condensation
• 1.4.3.  Sublimation and deposition
• 1.5.  Classification of matter
• 1.6.  Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
• 1.7.  Pure substances and impurities
• 1.8.  Separation Techniques
• 1.8.1.  Filtration
• 1.8.2.  Distillation
• 1.8.3.  Crystallization
• 1.8.4.  Chromatography
• 1.8.5.  Centrifugation
• 1.8.6.  Sublimation
• 1.8.7.  Decantation and sedimentation

2.  Atomic Structure

• 2.1.  Discovery of atoms
• 2.2.  Dalton's atomic theory
• 2.3.  Structure of the atom
• 2.4.  Subatomic particles
• 2.5.  Atomic number and mass number
• 2.6.  Isotopes and Isobars
• 2.7.  Electronic configuration
• 2.8.  Bohr's atomic model
• 2.9.  Modern Atomic Model (Quantum Mechanical Model - Introduction)
• 2.10.  Valency and chemical bonding

3.  C hemical reactions and equations

• 3.1.  Introduction to Chemical Reactions
• 3.2.  Chemical Equation Formulation
• 3.3.  Balancing Chemical Equations
• 3.4.  Types of Chemical Reactions
• 3.4.1.  Combination Reactions
• 3.4.2.  Decomposition reactions
• 3.4.3.  Displacement reactions
• 3.4.4.  Double displacement reactions
• 3.4.5.  Redox reactions
• 3.4.6.  Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions
• 3.5.  Effects of chemical reactions
• 3.6.  Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions
• 3.7.  Catalysts and their role in reactions

4.  Periodic table and periodicity

• 4.1.  History of Periodic Classification
• 4.2.  Mendeleev's periodic table
• 4.3.  Modern Periodic Table
• 4.4.  Periods and groups in the periodic table and periodicity
• 4.5.  Trends in the Periodic Table
• 4.5.1.  Atomic size
• 4.5.2.  Ionization Energy
• 4.5.3.  Electron affinity
• 4.5.4.  Electronegativity
• 4.5.5.  Metallic and Non-Metallic Properties
• 4.6.  Noble gases and their properties

5.  Chemical bond

• 5.1.  Introduction to Chemical Bonding
• 5.2.  Types of chemical bonds
• 5.2.1.  Ionic bond
• 5.2.2.  Covalent bond
• 5.2.3.  Metallic bond
• 5.2.4.  Hydrogen bonding
• 5.2.5.  Van der Waals force
• 5.3.  Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds
• 5.4.  Molecular Structure and Geometry (VSEPR Theory - Basics)

6.  Acids, Bases and Salts

• 6.1.  Introduction to Acids and Bases
• 6.2.  Properties of Acids
• 6.3.  Properties of bases
• 6.4.  pH scale and its importance
• 6.5.  Indicators and their uses
• 6.6.  Neutralization reactions
• 6.7.  Strength of Acids and Bases (Strong vs. Weak)
• 6.8.  Preparation of salts
• 6.9.  Uses of acids, bases and salts in daily life

7.  Metals and Nonmetals

• 7.1.  Physical Properties of Metals
• 7.2.  Physical Properties of Nonmetals
• 7.3.  Chemical properties of metals
• 7.4.  Chemical Properties of Nonmetals
• 7.5.  Reactivity Series of Metals
• 7.6.  Extraction of metals
• 7.7.  Corrosion and its prevention
• 7.8.  uses of metals and nonmetals

8.  Carbon and its compounds

• 8.1.  Introduction to Carbon
• 8.2.  Allotropes of carbon (diamond, graphite, fullerene)
• 8.3.  Hydrocarbons
• 8.3.1.  Hydrocarbons
• 8.3.2.  Alkene
• 8.3.3.  Alkynes
• 8.4.  Functional groups in organic chemistry
• 8.5.  Isomerism in organic compounds
• 8.6.  Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids
• 8.7.  Soaps and detergents
• 8.8.  Polymers (Introduction to Natural and Synthetic Polymers)

9.  Solutions and Mixtures

• 9.1.  Types of mixtures
• 9.2.  Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Mixtures
• 9.3.  Concentration of solutions
• 9.4.  Solubility and factors affecting solubility
• 9.5.  Suspensions and Colloids
• 9.6.  Saturated, unsaturated and supersaturated solutions

10.  Air and atmosphere

• 10.1.  Composition of air
• 10.2.  Role of gases in the atmosphere
• 10.4.  Acid rain and its effects
• 10.5.  Greenhouse effect and global warming
• 10.6.  Ozone layer and its depletion
• 10.7.  Air pollution control measures

11.  Water and its importance

• 11.1.  Composition and properties of water
• 11.2.  Hardness of water (temporary and permanent hardness)
• 11.3.  Causes of water pollution
• 11.4.  Effects of Water Pollution
• 11.5.  Water purification methods (filtration, boiling, chlorination)

12.  Industrial Chemistry

• 12.1.  Introduction to Industrial Chemistry
• 12.2.  Important industrial chemicals (sulfuric acid, ammonia, sodium hydroxide)
• 12.3.  Chemical processes in industry
• 12.4.  Uses of Industrial Chemistry in Daily Life
• 12.5.  Environmental impact of industrial chemical processes